Bipolar Disorder is the current definition of the more classical manic-depressive illness, and is an episodic disease marked by oscillations in mood of variable intensity from depression (melancholia) to hypomania or mania

In 1949, John Cade (1929–1996), an Australian psychiatrist serendipitously initiated a new era in psychiatric treatment by introducing lithium carbonate to treat mania.

For centuries, suicide was not considered a psychopathological act, but typically was condemned by religions and states as a sin or a crime until very recent times.

Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has a worldwide prevalence ranging from 5.0% in school-age children in a world-wide sample to 15.5% in the US.